Solvent of the petroleum

Is the mixture of aromatic hydrocarbons for the sake of the small content it is naphthenic, paraffins and unlimited cyclic hydrocarbons. Consist of aromatic hydrocarbons about 56%, and rest unsaturated hydrocarbons compose.

Solvent is obtained before the process of coking the bituminous coal and with the pyrolysis of petroleum fractions.

Physical chemistry indices:

Designation of the indices	Value Highest type
Exterior view and the color	Colorless or weakly-yellow transparent liquid
Density with 20o[S] of [g]/[kub].[sm]	0.86
Fractional composition: the temperature of the beginning of distillation, o[S], is not below	134
90% is outdistanced at a temperature, o[S], not above	150
Volatility on xylene, %, is not more	1.2
A mass fraction of sulfur, % is not more	0.02
The volume fraction of the [sulfiruemykh] substances, %, is not less	99
Reaction of the water extract	neutral
The flash point before the open crucible, o[S], not are below	27

Xylene of the petroleum

Is the mixture of three isomers of xylene and ethylbenzene, obtained before the process of the aromatization of petroleum fractions. Three isomers (ortho-, meta-, para-) are known -

The colorless liquids, readily soluble before the organic solvents, before the water - it is bad. With the oxidation of xylene the toluic acids and phthalic acids are formed.

Xylene is obtained based on the products, which are formed during coking of coal or with the aromatization of oil; isomers divide by fractional crystallation and by rectification. Xylene serves after solvent, high-octane additives to the aviation gasoline, initial product with the production of xylidines. The greatest value has n-xylol, utilized with the production of terephthalic acid.

It is intended for the isolation of the isomers of xylene and application as the solvent of varnishes and paints.

Physical chemistry indices

Designation of the indices	Value Highest type
Exterior view and the color	Transparent liquid, is not darker ethanol
Density with 20o[S] of [g]/[kub].[sm]	0.860-0.870
Fractional composition: the temperature of the beginning of distillation, o[S], is not below	137
98% is outdistanced at a temperature, o[S], not above	143
Painting sulfuric acid, standard of the model scale % not are more	0.5
Content of hydrogen sulfide and [merkaptonov]	it is absent
Reaction of the water extract	neutral
The flash point before the open crucible, o[S], not are below	23

Toluene of the petroleum

Transparent liquid, which does not contain the impurities and water.

It was for the first time isolated from the tolu - yellowish- brown, pleasantly reeking resin of the South American tree Of toluifera Of balsamum. Hence name - toluene. This balsam adapted for the preparation of means from the cough and before the perfumery. Today toluene is used as solvent and as raw material for obtaining the explosive - trinitrotoluene.

Physical chemistry indices:

Designation of the indices	Value Highest type
Density with 20o[S] of [g]/[kub].[sm]	0.865-0.867
A mass fraction of toluene, %, is not less	99.75
Testing on the copper plate	It maintains
A mass fraction of admixtures, %, is not more	0.25
A mass fraction of nonaromatic hydrocarbons, % is not more	0.1
A mass fraction of benzene, % is not more	0.1
The limits of distillation 98% as far as the volume (including the boiling point of clean toluene of 110,6o[S]), o[S], not more	0.7
A mass fraction of total sulfur, % is not more	0.00015
Painting sulfuric acid, number of the model scale, not are more	0.15
Reaction of the water extract	neutral
Volatility	It evaporates without the remainder

Butyl acetate is technical (ALL-UNION STATE STAN. 8981-78)

Is butyl acetic acid ester. Are known three structural isomers, from which are extended normal butyl acetate CH3 (CH2) _{of 3OCOCH3} and [izobutilatsetat] (CH3) _{of 2CHCH2OCOCH3}; colorless liquids with the characteristic ether smell. Little they are water-soluble; they are mixed up with the organic solvents and vegetable oils; they possess all properties of ethers of complex.

They obtain as far as heating corresponding alcohol with acetic acid before the presence H2SO4.

Butyl acetate - good solvent of rubber chloride, nitrocellulose, glyptal resins and other film-forming substances, widely used before the paint and varnish industry.

Physical chemistry indices:

Designation of the indices	Value Highest type
The exterior view	Transparent liquid
Colorfulness on Pt/Co to the scale, is not more	10
Density with 20o[S] of [g]/[kub].[sm]	0.880-0.882
A mass fraction of base material, % is not less	99
A mass fraction of acids before the conversion down acetic acid, % is not more	0.005
A mass fraction of non-volatile remainder, % is not more	0.002
Temperature limits of distillation at a pressure 760 mm Hg, to[S]	122-127
A mass fraction of water, % is not more	0.08
Relative volatility (on the ethyl ether)	8-13

R -4

Is the mixture of the flying organic solvents: esters, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons.

It adapts for the dilution of perchlorovinyl, polyacrylate, epoxy and other paints.

Physical chemistry indices:

Designation of the indices	Value Highest type
Volatility on the ethyl ether, is not more	5-15
Number of coagulation, %	24
The acid number mH [KON]/1 g of solvent, is not more	0.07
A mass fraction of water, %, is not more	0.7