With the fulfillment of coloring works the diverse auxiliary materials will be required: solvents, diluents, siccatives, putty, priming, lubrication and so forth

Solvents - these are the organic flying liquids, used for giving to coloring compositions the necessary painter consistency. Depending on designation they are divided beside the solvents: for the oil paints - gasoline, mineral spirits, turpentine; for glyptal and bituminous varnishes and paints - solvent naphtha, turpentine, xylene; for the perchlorovinyl paints - acetone. For the glue and water paints by solvent and diluent is the water. For the everyday needs are let out also the combined solvents (numerical: 645-651; RS -2, R -4, R -5, R -12, [RP]). Majorities of solvents - hydrocarbon organic flying liquids, fuels and dangerously explosive.

Diluents and diluents in contrast to the solvents do not possess solvent power and serve for decreasing the viscosity of thick pigment pastes or breeding of dry mineral paint- pigments. The drying oils and different emulsions are used as the diluents. The strongly thickened primings, paints or varnishes first dilute by solvent, they maintain 3-4 hours, after which lead down the necessary consistency by diluent or diluent. In this case their quantity before the paints there must not exceed 5%, precipitation of resin and spoiling of material is otherwise possible.

Solvents and diluents use also for removal of pollution from old coatings, removal of the remainders of organic lubricants and pollution based on the not colored surfaces, washing of the brushes of the spatulas and other tools.

With the work with the solvents one should remember that the concentration before air of their vapors during the prolonged inhalation can cause vertigo and even fainting. The use of solvents for the washing of hands leads down the skin diseases. The number of the most harmful solvents includes the benzene, dichloroethane, methyl alcohol, trichloroethylene, chlorobenzene.

The connections of metals (in essence of lead, manganese, cobalt, calcium, gland) for the sake of the organic acids are called siccatives. They are added before quantity 5-8% on mass to the drying oils and oil varnishes and paints for accelerating drying their films. The surplus of siccative accelerates drying, but makes the film of brittle and it is possible to lead down the premature aging of coating.

The quality of siccative is evaluated according to the metal, entering its composition. Cobalt (nF -4 and nF -5) and manganic (nF -3) siccatives possess the best properties.

Ready to the application of drying oil, paints, varnishes, enamels, as a rule, contain a necessary quantity of siccative; therefore to add it beside such materials there is no need. One ought not to introduce siccatives beside the spirit varnishes, the nitrocellulose materials, the paints of the emulsion type, paint and the varnishes on the basis of bitumens and it is pitch and other materials, which do not contain oils.

Period of storage of siccatives - 6 months. As a result prolonged storage they can become turbid and unfit to the application.

Source: PROEKTSTROY.RU