DRYING OILS

Drying oils - film-forming substances on the basis of vegetable oils, which passed special treatment (oxidation or prolonged warming up at high temperatures), with the addition of siccatives and solvents. They dry in air after putting beyond the surface of drying oil, forming the durable elastic water-and-moisture-proof sheeting. Use drying oils for the preparation of coloring compositions, putties, primings, preparation of wood and other porous surfaces for painting, and also as the independent decorative coating.

Four forms of the drying oils are let out: natural, [polunaturalnye], combined and synthetic.

Natural drying oils work out flaxen or hemp-seed oil.

Flaxen natural drying oil - bright transparent oily liquid, prepared based on linseed oil and siccative, prepared on linseed oil. Uses it for the grounding ([proolifki]) of the metallic, wooden and plastered surfaces; for preparation and breeding of bright thick pigment pastes, putties, first-coat pastes, putties; for the internal and external works during painting of metal constructions, sexes, doors, sashes. The time of drying at a temperature of 20°[S]- is not more than 24 hours.

Hemp natural drying oil - dark transparent oily liquid, prepared based on the hemp-seed oil and the siccative. It for the grounding of the metallic, wooden and plastered surfaces, preparation and breeding of dark thick pigment pastes, putties, lubrications, putties and other dark-colored compositions uses.

[Polunaturalnye] drying oils (drying oil- drying oil) are the solution of oxidized vegetable oil and siccatives before the mineral spirits (to 45%). The drying oil of stamp [v] uses for preparing the oil paints for the internal and external works; stamps S and [PV] - with the production of primings, putties and paints for the internal work. All these drying oils are not suitable for painting the sexes. Dries the drying oil of stamp [v] not more than 20 hours, stamps [PV] - not are more than 24 hours.

Combined drying oil - product of polymerization and dehydration of the drying or semi-drying oils. They let out stamps K -2, K -3, K -4, K -5. They use for the preparation of pasty oil paints for the internal work, besides sexes. Time of drying drying oil - 24 hours.

Synthetic drying oils. Schistose drying oil - liquid of dark color, which is been the oxidation product of the shale oils, dissolved before xylene. Has sharp unpleasant smell; the time of drying - 24 hours; it possesses weather resistance. It is used for the preparation of dark colors, breeding of the paints, used for the external and rarely internal work on the dyeing of the metallic, wooden and plastered surfaces. Dyeing for the sake of the schistose drying oil of sexes and objects of everyday usage is not allowed.

Drying oil of [etinol] (varnish of [etinol]) - the bright transparent thick liquid with the sharp smell, manufactured based on the production wastes of chloroprene rubber. Are formed the quick-drying bright, very solid alkaline and acid-resistant film, but not weatherproof. The drying oil of [etinol] is added (to 15%) to other drying oils; the paints and the primings on the metals are prepared from it.

GLUES

Glues, both natural, and synthetic, are introduced as the bonding agents beside priming, suitable for puttying, first-coat and other coloring compositions. From the natural glues for the preparation of these materials most frequently is used bone, hide, caseinic; from the synthetic - [KMTS], “latex”, dispersion [PVA] and other

Bone glue - tile or granulated - they work out the degreased and polished bones of animals. They use for the preparation of water coloring compositions, primings, putties, lubrications.

Hide glue - tile or granulated - they work out the protein withdrawals of leather dressing production. Uses in the same cases as bone. The solution of glue can be stored 2-3 days.

Caseinic glue - uniform powder of gray color, worked out acidic casein. During mixing of caseinic glue with lime is obtained the washfast color, which uses for the dyeing of buildings. Clay they use also for the preparation of putties, primings, for the gluing of wood.

Synthetic glues. [KMTS] (sodium carboxymethyl cellulose technical) - the converted product of the wood pulp. It adapts for the preparation of glue coloring compositions and putties. It is combined well with the soap, the pigments, it does not rot. They prepare, as it is indicated on the label.

Dispersion [PVA] - product of the polymerization of vinyl acetate before the aqueous medium; the viscous fluid of white color. It adapts for preparing of primings, putties, coloring compositions. As the bonding agent it enters into the composition of water (water-emulsion) paints, glue for the paper, woods, furniture.

PIGMENTS AND THE FILLERS

For giving to coating the specific properties beside the varnish-and-paint compositions the pigments and the fillers are introduced.

Pigments (or dry colors) - these are the ground colored inorganic or organic matter, not dissolved before the water, solvents, film forming materials and is capable of creating with the bonding agent (by drying oil, by varnish, by resin) shielding, decorative or decorative- shielding coating. Pigments influence the physical properties of coating - they increase its strength, they decrease waterproofness, absorb ultraviolet rays, protect film from the quick aging and destruction.

Fillers call the solid dispersed inorganic substances, not water-soluble and solvents and not that do not possess dyeing power. Fillers increase the adhesion of pigments with the base, give to paint and varnish coats the strength, water, fire-, acid-, alkaline and weather resistance, luster or dullness, they accelerate drying film, they economize the expenditure of pigment.

Due to the household conditions the fillers are introduced beside the paints during their preparation, for example beside the ethylene, others usually lead -[surikovye] use Aerosil, blanc fix, talc (before quantity 3-8%).

Pigments use for the preparation of coloring compositions, putties, lubrications, dyeing of plastics, paper, rubber. From the dissoluble dyes they differ regarding insolubility before the water, the solvents and the painted materials.

On the origin the pigments occur natural (inorganic), synthetic (inorganic and organic) and metallic.

Natural pigments - auripigment, graphite, lime, kaolin, the dioxide of manganese, chalk, mummy brown, ocher, ocher fired, sienna, sienna fired, minium iron, umber brown and other them obtain by crushing, enrichment, heat stone dressing and minerals. Are more frequent this the painted oxides or salts of metals. Composition and color of inorganic natural pigments is inconstant, since it depends on the composition of source material and clay compounds before the Ger.

Synthetic inorganic pigments - whiting are lead, are zinc, are titanium, verdure lead, zinc, chromium, crowns zinc, strontium, lead, cinnabar, cobalt, the lithopone of dry, masthead brown, copper acetate pigment, mummy red, pigment yellow iron-oxide, red oxide, soot, the red lead oxide, titanium dioxide, ultramarine dark-blue, the oxide of chromium, zinc dust and other them obtain as a result complex chemical reactions and technological processes. This is the most numerous group of pigments. Among them special importance they have different kind of whiting, without which bypasses none of the nonaqueous coloring compositions.

Synthetic organic pigments are obtained based on fossil fuel with the aid of the chemical reactions and complex technological processes. These pigments are the colored organic compound, into which enters carbon.

The synthetic organic pigments include varnish basic blue [k], the pigments ruby-colored, ruby-colored of concentrated, blue phthalocyanine, yellow, yellow photostable, green M, red [s], orange and other, and also toners ([farblaki]) - undissolved before the water connections of in the form precipitated and adsorbed on the inorganic white substratum organic and aniline red. After substratum serve hydrate of aluminum, barytic concentrate, heavy spar, kaolin, whiting.

Differ organic pigments from inorganic by heat treatment. For this a small quantity of pigment they pour beside the test tube or beyond the steel plate they heat. The organic pigments, into composition of which enters carbon, are charred and turn black.

Metallic pigments - golden bronze, aluminum powder, zinc powder, copper powder and other - are the fine powders of nonferrous metals or their alloys. These pigments use before the mixture for the sake of the bonding agent (by tincture, by drying oil, by varnish) for painting the metallic surfaces, and also before the glue compositions for the bronzing, the rolling and before the monumental- decorative painting.

Powder is aluminum pigment - light powder of the bright light-silvery color. They let out two stamps: PAP -1 and PAP -2. It very well reflects heat rays and heat is carried out. Before the mixture for the sake of air it is dangerously explosive. It possesses anticorrosive properties; therefore it uses for the dyeing and the corrosion protection of metallic surfaces before the oil, enamel and emulsion compositions for the internal and external works.

Powder is bronze - fine powder, obtained as a result of crushing brass, bronze and copper, with the addition of stearic acid or paraffin against adhesion and oxidation of particles. By the chemical composition and the designation the powder is let out several stamps. Golden bronze of stamp [VPK] uses before the oil, enamel and glue compositions for the internal decorative works.

Due to the household conditions the pigments can be used only for the preparation of coloring, priming and suitable for puttying compositions. However, their addition down the finished paints and the enamels is inadmissible. The nonobservance of this rule will lead down the spoiling of paints, but the obtained coating will not possess the necessary decorative and shielding properties.

Source: PROEKTSTROY.RU