Primings call the paints, applied down the equalized surface by the first layer, the ensuring cohesion basic paint and varnish coats (film) with the painted surface and those giving the possibility to obtain clean and flat painting. From the tincturing compositions they differ regarding the smaller content of pigments. The color of primings must not coincide for the sake of the color of the subsequent coverings. The majority of primings has the specific designation: under the glue, the lime or for oil painting, but there are universal, suitable for the glue and lime paintings.

We propose the formulas of several extended primings, which can be prepared due to the household conditions.

Priming “soap-boiler”. Soap (40%- noy) they cut by small shavings, are dissolved before it is 2nd 3 l of the boiling water, after which drying oil is introduced beside the solution during the energetic agitation. They slowly pour soap-oil solution beside lime dissipated before 5 l of water and thoroughly they intermix around obtaining of uniform mass. Then they dilute mixture by water to 10 l and strain through the sieve. The correctly prepared priming does not contain beyond the surface of the drops of drying oil. They thoroughly cover the moistened surface for the sake of priming and give to it to get dry. If priming “soap-boiler” uses for glue painting, beside it is necessary to add lye resistant pigments.

Glue priming compositions.

Composition 1. copper sulfate dissolves before 3 l of hot water before the enamelled or wooden dishes. Before the glue boiler is dissolved before 2 l of water the preliminarily wet and swollen glue and beside it they pour the soap dissolved before the separate dishes. The drying oil is introduced before the hot soap- glue solution during the rapid mixing. Beside the obtained emulsion, continuing to intermix, by thin jet they pour the solution of copper sulfate, fill up chalk and is led volume to 10 l. it is obtained the uniform greenish- bluish suspension, which they strain through the sieve and they use before the hot form (at a temperature of 50-60°[S]).

It is not allowed to prepare and to store priming before the metallic dishes because of the corrosiveness of composition.

Mel it is added down the priming for its softening and improvements in the capability for putting. Introduced it should be carefully, since the frothing of hot solution is possible. Drying oil improves the elasticity of priming.

It is necessary to remember that to disrupt the recommended sequence of the preparation of priming is inadmissible. Thus, for instance, during the introduction beside the vitriol of soap solution without the drying oil the coagulation of solution can occur.

Vitriol primings should not be used under the glue coders, which contain the pigments, whose color changes under the action of copper sulfate.

Composition 2. it prepare on the basis of aluminum alum analogous for the sake of the preparation of vitriol priming. The strongly contaminated surfaces ground 2nd 3 times, in this case for putting the first layer use the more concentrated solution with 70-80°[S]. the second layer they place by weaker composition with the temperature of 40-50°[S], the third - by slightly warm or even cold priming. To avoid the dissolution previously the applied film each subsequent layer is applied only after complete drying of previous.

Priming must be used during two days. Painting must be conducted concerning the grounded surface not later than 24 hours after grounding.

Oil priming compositions are subdivided beside the tinted by pigments drying oils, utilized for the first grounding ([proolifki]) of surfaces, and beside the [zhidkorazvedennye] oil paints, used for the grounding of the [proshpatlevannykh] surfaces.

For the preparation of priming take 1,0-1,5 kgf drying oil- drying oil, 0,03-0,05 kgf of the pigment of dry (ocher), 0,05-1,0 kgf of the paint of pasty (under the color of painting). The pigment or the oil paint are introduced beside the drying oil, thoroughly they intermix and pass through the sieve. With the use of natural drying oil for the dilution of compositions 0,1-0,3 kgf of solvent are added.

Before sale there are the finished primings: [GF]-021 - for the surface preparation of ferrous metals and wooden articles; [GF]-031 and [GF]-032 - for the protection of articles through the light alloys and steel; [GF]-0119 - for the metallic and wooden surfaces for the coatings for the sake of different enamels; PF -20 - for the grounding of metallic and wooden surfaces.

Primings are brought by continuous thin layer, then thoroughly they dry. The layer of priming repeats the profile of surface; therefore they equalize separate unevennesses, smooth out as far as putty. Sometimes putty is brought down entire surface.

Putties are decoration compositions for the levelling off of the surfaces, which are subject down painting. Small cracks, scratches and dents beyond the surfaces seal by lubrication. It differs from putty regarding the fact that it does not shrink and possesses the increased adhesion. Depending on the form of the paint of putty used there are gypsum, glue, oil and varnish.

For the preparation of putties and lubrications usually are used the laundry soap, the [proseyannyy] gypsum, the chalk, joiner, animal, meal glue, drying oils, varnishes and other materials.

Let us give the prescriptions of the preparation of putties and lubrications before the household conditions.

[Gipsomelovaya] lubrication for the glue painting: gypsum - 1,0 kgf, chalk - 2,0-3,0 kgf, 2-5%- ache glue solution. [Proseyannye] gypsum and chalk intermix and pour by thin jet beside the dishes with the glue solution, all thoroughly are intermixed to the uniform state. Thickness is regulated by the additions of the powder of gypsum and chalk or glue solution.

Oil- glue or varnish lubrication for the oil painting: drying oil or sealing varnish - 1,0[kg], 10% solution of joiner glue - 0,10 kgf, chalk - about 2,5 kg. beside the glue solution introduce drying oil, intermix to the formation of emulsion and add chalk to the working viscosity.

Glue putty: 10% glue solution - 1,0 kgf, drying oil - 0,025 kgf, chalks - about 2,5 kg. beside the hot glue solution add drying oil, intermix, then they pour chalk, constantly grinding around obtaining of working viscosity.

Oil putty: drying oil is natural - 1,0[kg], siccative - 0,1 kgf, chalk. Oil putty uses for the surface preparation, subjected down the action of moisture (sashes, window-sills, external doors, sexes and other).

It is possible also to use the finished putties, produced by the industry: [NTS]-008 - for eliminating the defects beyond the surface, painted for the sake of nitro- or synthetic enamel; PF -002, [KF]-003 - for the closing of deep surface defects; epoxy; “[Pakhtel]”, “[Karbolat]” and by other dry mixtures.

Source: PROEKTSTROY.RU