New fire-retardant paints [UNIPOL] [INTUMESTERM]. Is allowed painting metal from plus of 35°[S] to minus of 25°[S]. it is allowed application with the high humidity to 100%. Moisture-proof and wear-resistant.

Fire protection is intended for increasing the actual limit of the fire resistance of constructions down the desired values and for limiting the limit of the propagation of fire on them, in this case the attention down reduction in the so-called side effects is paid (smoke generation, the isolation of gaseous toxic substances). This task is accomplished by the method of using of the heatproof and heat-absorbing screens, special constructive solutions, fire-retardant compositions, technological methods and operations, and also by the application of materials of the lowered combustibility.

The fire-retardant action of screens is based either beyond their high resistibility down thermal effects with the fire, retention during the preset time of thermophysical characteristics at high temperatures or beyond their ability to undergo structural changes with the thermal effects with the formation of the coke-like porous structures, for which is characteristic the high insulating ability. The arrangement of fire-retardant screens can be achieved either directly beyond the surface of the protected structural elements or on the slope with the aid of the special membrane- ducts, the bodies, the inset components.

Fire protection provides for the application of design methods, the use of heat shields from the lightened compositions, applied for the surface of constructions by highly productive industrial methods, the development of the materials, which possess the properties of the lowered fire hazard ([trudnovozgoraemostyu]).

The design methods of fire protection include concreting, facing by brick, plastering of the surface of the elements of constructions, using the large-size sheet and plate fire-retardant revetments, application of fire-retardant structural elements (for example, fire-retardant suspension ceilings), filling of the internal cavities of constructions, selection of the necessary sections of elements, which ensure the desired values of the limits of the fire resistance of constructions, the development of constructive solutions of the units of contiguities, joining also the connections of constructions and others with an increase in the sections of elements are used the same brands of concrete, brick and other materials, that also with the production of the protected construction.

Fire-retardant paints, varnishes, enamels detain the ignition of materials, decrease the propagation of flame by means of the surface of materials. They fulfill the following functions: they are protective layer beyond the surface of materials, absorb heat- as a result expansions, they separate inhibiting gases, free water, accelerate the formation of coke layer beyond the surface of material. They are subdivided beside two groups: [nevspuchivayushchiesya] and distending themselves. The [nevspuchivayushchiesya] paints with the heating do not increase the thickness of their layer. The distending themselves paints with the heating increase thickness of the layer 10-40. As a rule, distending themselves paints are more effective, since with the thermal effects the formation of the foam layer, which is the coked fusion of incombustible substances occurs (mineral remainder). The formation of this layer occurs due to the gas- and vaporous substances separating with the heating. Coke layer possesses high thermal insulation qualities.

The creation of the materials of the lowered combustibility is achieved by the surface and deep impregnation of materials for the sake of special compositions, the introduction of fireproofing compounds beside the composition of initial compositions, use of different mineral fillers, and also by using the diverse technological methods.

In connection with to structural elements from the plywood and the wood plastics can be used the following methods of fire protection: the impregnation of the sheets of lead before the gluing; the impregnation of finished glued articles for the sake of fireproofing compounds by different methods; the impregnation of the sheets of lead phenol, [kreozoloformaldegidnymi] methods (bakelitized plywood); painting plywood for the sake of special fire-retardant paints; the revetment of plywood by materials on the basis of asbestos, metal and others; the creation of coatings on the basis of thermosetting resins with the use of different fire-retardant fillers before the process of hot pressing with the production of plywood.

In the last decade they will reach the essential progress before the development of compositions for the constructions, which make it possible to increase to the desired values the fire resistance of metal constructions, to limit the propagation of fire as far as the carrying wooden constructions, and to also solve different problems of fire safety of light panels with the effective heaters. With the development of fire protection of metal constructions the tendency down to the use of the lightened materials and light fillers, expanded pearlite and vermiculite, mineral fiber was outlined. The distending themselves paints are highly effective. With the heating to 170°[S] the paint distends itself and forms beyond the surface of metal the thermo-insulating porous layer. For fire protection of metal propagation obtained also piece thermal insulation boards.

During the application of impregnating compositions, which contain fireproofing compounds, the distending themselves paints, varnishes and enamels can be placed the task of a certain reduction in the propagation of flame by means of the surface of wooden constructions, or conversion of wood into the group of the nonflammable materials, which gives the possibility to sharply limit the propagation of fire on them to the normalized limits.