1. INTRODUCTION

1. The present management recommends the system of paint and varnish coat, which can be used for the corrosion protection of the internal surface of the ship conduits of different designation. Before the management technological indications on the application of the recommended material and methods of surface preparation for painting are represented. The proposed technology makes it possible to bring protective coating both down the new and overhauled pipes.
2. Management YAKUT 25-073-2001 does not substitute by himself OST 5.9039 “coating the shielding zinc of steel ship conduits” and rd 5.5104 “conduits ship. The procedure of calculation of failure-free performance and longevity of elements and the allowable speeds of the flow of sea water”, and act together with these technical-normative documents.
3. The methods recommended before the management can be used for the corrosion protection of the external surfaces of conduits, in this case the selection of coating system is determined as far as the operating conditions of ship constructions.

2. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

1. The Russian sea register of navigation before “the rules of classification and building of seagoing vessels” (part ViII, chapter 14 “systems and conduits”) requires the application of means of corrosion protection for the steel tubes of outboard water, air, measuring and overflow pipes of water and ballast- fuel cisterns, gas vents of cargo cisterns and air pipes of the cofferdams of oil tankers.
2. As the shielding before “the rules” is recommended the zinc coating, applied by hot method with a minimum thickness of 50 m. Depending on the designation of conduits the register can require increase in the thickness of coating. For the conduits before the ballast and cargo [inertiziruemykh] tanks with the condition of protection from the impacts is allowed the application of aluminum coatings.
3. The application of metallic coatings of pipes does not free based on the need of using the methods of protection from the contact corrosion. For the sake of one of the methods of protection from the contact corrosion is recommended the application of the shielding hydro-insulating coatings (polymeric, varnish-and-paint or of another type of those approved by register) beyond the surface of the contacting metals, washed by outboard water.
4. The considerable achievements before the region of developing of nonmetallic (polymeric and varnish-and-paint) protective coatings and technology of their putting make it possible to recommend them to the use for the corrosion protection of ship conduits.
5. The selection of material for the corrosion protection of the ship conduits of different designation is achieved on the basis of the data about the shielding properties of the systems of coatings, technology of the surface preparation, putting of material and operational special features of manifolds: medium and temperature.
6. The thickness of the walls of pipes and the allowable speed of the flow of sea water must correspond to the requirements of the Russian sea register of navigation.
7. Performing coloring work on the protection of ship conduits from the corrosion is expedient to achieve in the special section, which consists besides the departments: cleaning (mechanical or chemical), paint-storage and coloring.

3. TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS AT THE POINT OF THE PROTECTIVE COATINGS OF SHIP CONDUITS AND THE METHODS OF SURFACE PREPARATION

1. A selection of the type of the protective coatings of ship conduits is produced on the following basic factors:

• the required longevity of coating taking into account the operating conditions of system;
• the accessibility of construction;
• the presence of the corresponding equipment, materials, monitoring instruments and so forth

2. The longevity of protective coatings is determined as far as the selection of the system of dyeing, as far as the technology of the surface preparation and putting of material.
3. The operating conditions of ship conduits require besides the protective coatings:

• durability before the flow of sea and fresh water;
• the increased thermal stability;
• high mechanical strength.

The operating conditions of the main systems of ship conduits are generalized before Table 1.

Manifolds	The working medium	Temperature of medium, °[S]
Bilge, ballast, sewage- sanitary, outboard water for the everyday needs, the [mytevoy] water of water cooling, the cargo, trimming washings of cargo tanks, the fire-prevention water	sea water is cold	to 40
Outboard water for the everyday needs, the washing of the cargo tanks	sea water is hot	to 70

4. The variety of the operating conditions of ship conduits they lead down the need of using the coatings, which possess the special properties: for the systems of oil, fuel and hydraulics are necessary the conservation methods of protection at the point of the period of building or repairing the vessel.
5. For the protection of ship conduits is examined the coating natural rubber- resin modified the enamel [SBE]-111 “OF [UNIPOL]”.
6. The technology of the surface preparation and putting of material is determined as far as the accessibility of construction and as far as the presence of the corresponding equipment.
7. The purpose of surface preparation before the dyeing is the removal of any pollution, which impede the direct contact of the material of coating with the metal and the creation of the relief of the metallic surface, which facilitates an increase in the contact surface between the coating and the metal. The maximum longevity of coating is reached only against the condition for the complete removal of all pollution beyond the surface of metal.

Before the cleaning the pipes must be finished and urged on the place.

8. For the surface preparation the following methods adapt:

• dry abrasive- jet cleaning;
• hydro-jet and hydroabrasive cleaning;
• cleaning by the manual and mechanized tool;
• the chemical methods of cleaning.

For the putting the enamels [SBE]-111 “Of [unipol]” beyond the internal surface of pipes can be used airless dispersion; pouring in.

For the application of protective coatings beyond the internal surfaces of pipes by airless dispersion the firm “Clemco” makes controlling pistol with two models the nozzle Of orbuter, the making it possible to cover the pipes Ø of 90  - 960 mm. nozzles they are supplied for the sake of the centering device, controlled by the compressed air and spray nozzle from the hard alloy.

Firm “Walther Of pilor Of spritz of und Of zackiersysteme Of gmbH” for the automatic painting of the internal surface of pipes makes paint sprayer with the plate nozzle, which creates round torch, moving on the pivotal gun carriage.

Painting pipes for the sake of pouring in is produced on the technology of plant taking into account the special features of the paints used.

4. SURFACE PREPARATION OF THE PIPES BEFORE THE DYEING

1. The surface preparation of pipes consists of the following basic operations:

• the elimination of defects beyond the surface;
• the removal of oil and fatty pollution;
• the removal of the products of corrosion;
• the removal of dust and other pollution.

2. The surface defects, which appear with working of pipes and their trimming on the place are eliminated throughout the beginning of cleaning works. All defects: drops from the welding, the unevenness of the profile of the weld and tracks of fire cutting must be smoothed by grinding or removed with the aid of the abrasive working. Sharp edges, angles, undercuts and narrow butt end must be smoothed and rounded with a minimum radius of 2 mm.
3. For the selection of the technology of surface cleaning is conducted inspection and the estimation of the initial state of pipes in accordance with ISO 8501-1, 2 or YAKUT 25-061. When, beyond the surface of the pipes, thick layers of rust their are present, one should remove with the aid of the manual or mechanized tool.
4. The removal of oil and fatty pollution is conducted with the aid of the water-soluble degreasers before the baths for the degreasing. The basic component of baths for the degreasing of the [silnozagryaznennykh] surfaces is sodium hydroxide and the soda ash. As the softener is used the trisodium phosphate or [tripolifosfat]. The emulsifiers are used for the transfer of fatty film beside the solution: Na3SiO3, syntanol [DS]-10, sulfanole Np -3 and other

Recommended compositions of baths for the degreasing:
1. For the strongly contaminated surface
Sodium is caustic (NaOH) - 25-30 g/l
Soda calcinated (Na2CO3) - 25-30 g/l
Trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4) - 40-50 g/l
Syntanol [DS]-10 - 5-10 g/l
Sulfanole Np -3 of -1-2[g]/[l]
Temperature of the solution of 60-80 °[S].

2. For little contaminated surface:
Sodium is caustic (NaOH) - 10-20 g/l
Soda calcinated (Na2CO3) - 50 g/l
Water glass (Na3SiO3) - 2-[Zg]/[l]
Syntanol [DS]-10 of -5-10 g/l
Temperature of the solution of 70-90 °[S].

5. The duration of degreasing depends on the degree of contamination of pipe and varies from 5-10 min to 0,5-1 hour. Surface after degreasing must be wet completely by water. For the preparation of the baths of degreasing the concentrates, which contain the active washing additives and emulsifiers, can be used. After degreasing the pipes wash before the hot and cold water and enter further working.
6. Quality control of degreasing is achieved by visual inspection of pipes after washing. The uniform moistening for the sake of surface water and the absence of dry openings indicates the complete removal of fat and oil based on the surface. The degreasing of pipes must be carried out repeatedly in the presence beyond the surface of the [nerastekayushchikhsya] water drops.
7. For the removal of the products of corrosion based on the surface of pipes the following methods are selected: the chemical methods: etching with the subsequent parkerizing; - dry abrasive- jet cleaning with the aid of the firm caps to the blasters.
8. Sulfuric, hydrochloric and orthophosphoric acid with different additives is used for the etching. Hydrogen separating with the etching contributes down cleaning the surface of steel from the films of the products of corrosion, but it is partially absorbed as far as the surface of metal, leading down the embrittlement. Therefore down the etching solutions are added the inhibiters and the [poverkhnosto]- active substances, which protect metal from the hydrogen absorption and [peretravlevaniya]. The etching before the solution is recommended for the pipes, covered for the sake of slag and dense layer of rust:

Acid is sulfuric (H2SO4) - 80-100 g/l
Sodium is chloride (NaCl) - 150-200 g/l
Inhibiter [KTS]-1 - 3-5 g/l
Temperature of 60-70 °[S].
Time of etching depending on initial state from 15 min to 40 min.

For the [besshlamnogo] etching is used the solution:
Acid is salt ([NS]1) of -150-300 g/l
[Urotoropin] - 40-50 g/l
Syntanol [DS]-1 - 3-5 g/l
Temperature of 20-40 °[S].
Time of etching 15-20 min.

9. For the pipes with the insignificant corrosion the etching is recommended to conduct before the solution of orthophosphoric acid - 15-20% at a temperature of 15-25 °[S]. before the beginning of etching is observed the stormy isolation of hydrogen, which constantly decreases and ceases, when film covers entire surface of steel. The pipes wash before the hot and cold water and are dried after parkerizing. For the pipes, whose etching is conducted before sulfuric or hydrochloric acid one should carry out parkerizing before the solution:

Zinc orthophosphoric monosubstituted (Zn (H2PO4) ₂₎ - 8-12 g/l
Zinc of nitric acid (Zn (N[O]3) ₂ 6[N]2[O]) - 10-12 g/l
Barium is nitric acid (VA (N[O]3) ₂₎ - 30-40 g/l
Temperature of the solution of 75-85 °[S].
Time of parkerizing 3-10 min.

The pipes wash before the cold water and are dried after parkerizing. Phosphate coating must be uniform, have fine-crystalline structure, it does not allow the presence of light grey attack on the phosphate film. Color of coating from the light grey to the black depending on the stamp of steel and method of surface preparation. The removal of low-grade phosphate coating is conducted before 10% solution [NS]1 at room temperature.

10. With conducting of all processes of chemical cleaning (degreasing, etching and parkerizing) and washings one should straight pipes lower beside the bath at small angle, and bent by [pogibom] downward and periodically raise one end of the pipe in order to ensure the contact of surface with the fresh portions of solution. All solutions for the degreasing, the etching and the parkerizing are prepared by the dissolution of components before the warm water. The correction of solutions is conducted systematically (depending on the productivity of section) according to the chemical-analysis data.
11. Dry abrasive- jet cleaning of pipes is conducted with the aid of the caps to the standard shot-blast equipment. For the cleaning the abrasives, used against the enterprise, are used. With the use of their metallic abrasives one should regenerate for the repeated application. With the cleaning it is necessary to use the dust-collecting equipment. With the aid of the caps can be cleaned both the straight pipes and [pogiby] with a large radius.
12. The pipes prepared to the painting must be stored on the shelves. Interval between the end of works on surface preparation and the beginning of painting.

5. COATINGS FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE SYSTEMS OF THE SHIP CONDUITS

1. The nature of corrosive destruction in the individual sections of manifolds is various. With the selection of protective coating for most down the attackable of the sections of conduit one should use protective coatings with the large period of service.
2. With the use of varnish-and-paint and polymeric materials the protection of the individual sections of system is permitted by different coatings.
3. The system for protection of the internal surface of ship conduits from corrosion it is given before Table 2.
4. The technological characteristics of the material of entering the recommended system are given before Table 3.

System of the coating, used for the protection of the internal surface of conduits. Technological characteristics of material.

Table of №2.

Table of №3.

Special features of the technology of putting enamel. During the dilution the viscosity changes over a wide range, which facilitates putting by pouring in.

6. QUALITY CONTROL OF THE EXECUTION OF WORKS ON PAINTING OF THE SHIP CONDUITS

1. The operating control of entire technological process of the protection of ship conduits is carried out in accordance with rd 31.28.10 and includes:

• the quality of the utilized materials;
• the fitness for work of equipment, of equipment, monitoring instruments; the qualification of personnel;
• the correspondence of the climatic conditions for technological documentation beyond performing of work; the parameters of technological process; the quality of the execution of separate technological operations; the observance of the safety regulations and protection of environment.

2. For the monitoring of separate operations and quality of coating adapts the visual inspection of the protected surface - introscopy of the internal cavities of the conduits through the observation window with the aid of the inspection tubes with the built-in system of lighting the object of observation before the visible range of spectrum. Endoscopes for these purposes are used rigid, flexible and micro-television. On the Russian market there are endoscopes of the chief domestic producers of privately held company “Of [intek]” (Saint Petersburg) and privately held company “Of [omtekh]” (Moscow). The inspection of the surface of pipes with the aid of the endoscope makes it possible to conduct the visual estimation of the quality of the initial and purified surface; to estimate cleanliness and surface roughness and the quality of the application of coating beyond the object of the flaw detection of coating.
3. The evaluation of the initial surface condition and results of cleaning should be carried out as far as visual inspection and determined concerning the standard ISO 8501 or YAKUT 25-061.
4. The parameters of the surface roughness are determined visually as far as the standard IS08503-1 and! 8[O]8503-2[s] by the aid of the comparators of roughness.
5. The control of the technical process of putting of paints and quality of the painted surface is conducted concerning [RD]31.28.10. In this case the wet film thickness and the thickness of coating, and the adhesion of coating to the metal are determined on the control samples - steel plates, surface preparation and dyeing, which it was carried out together with the party of pipes. The continuity of coating inside the pipe is determined as far as electric spark or electrolytic flaw detectors.

7. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS ON THE INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MEASURES AND ENVIRONMENT WITH PERFORMING OF CLEANING AND COLORING WORK

1. With performing of cleaning and coloring work it follows to be guided by standards and rules on the industrial safety measures, of fire safety, operating instructions of the means of technological equipment and by technological instructions on [LKM].
2. With organization and performing of work the measures, which remove the possibility of the appearance of explosions and fires and measure of the protection of the following dangerous and harmful production factors, must be provided working from possible action:

• the unprotected mobile, revolving equipment components;
• the increased dustiness (by slag, by rust and other) and gas concentration by the harmful and explosive-flammable substances of air of working zone;
• the increased level of noise and vibration with the work of equipment;
• the jets of abrasive and of paints, that beat under the pressure;
• the concentrations of dangerously explosive substances it is more than lower inflammability limit;
• the harmful substances, which separate during the putting [LKM].

With the fulfillment of coloring works most dangerous are:

• organic solvents;
• dust and aerosols [LKM].

4. With performing of work on cleaning of metallic surfaces, it is necessary to observe requirements ALL-UNION STATE STAN. 12.3.002, ALL-UNION STATE STAN. 12.1.010, ALL-UNION STATE STAN. 12.1.003, ALL-UNION STATE STAN. 12.2.003, ALL-UNION STATE STAN. 12.1.002 ALL-UNION STATE STAN. 12.2.010.
5. The accomodations, in which is carried out the work on the dyeing, must correspond to requirements [NPB]-105 at the point of the category of productions before the explosive-fire danger.
6. Natural and artificial lighting in the accomodations and against the work sites, where is carried out cleaning, they must satisfy the requirements of SNIP (Construction norms and regulations) 23-05.
7. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning in the production accomodations and against the work sites must satisfy the requirements of SNIP 2.04.05.
8. Requirements at the point of fire safety of the accomodations, where are conducted works, must correspond ALL-UNION STATE STAN. 12.1.004, [PPB]-01, [PPBO]-130.
9. Workers, occupied for the sake of the fulfillment of cleaning and coloring works, must be provide ford for the sake of special clothing, special boot and safety devices in accordance with “standard branch standards of the free delivery of special clothing, special foot-wear and other means of individual protection to workers and employee”, affirmed decision by NII (Scientific Research Institute) of the labor of № 09 from 30.12.97 g.
10. The selection of means of individual protection achieves in accordance with the recommendations of the reference book- catalog “means of individual protection before the shipbuilding”.
11. Cleaning and coloring works can render harmful effect on the atmosphere, soil and water areas.

For creating the normal ecological situation in the atmosphere is required the complex of the technological measures, which are reduced down two directions:

• to the decrease of harmful ejections due to the replacement of the part of the traditional materials down the ecologically valuable (paints, which do not contain solvents, and beyond the water base) and to the application of the more advanced equipment;
• to cleaning air, which go outs from the production accomodations.

12. In accordance with the law of RF “about the protection of natural environment” the ejections of the contaminated substances must not exceed maximum permissible n.

The utilization of withdrawals is produced before the general order of willows correspondence for the sake of the acting against the enterprise rules.

With the degreasing, the etching, the parkerizing of surface the effluents, which contain acids, are formed, alkalis, emulsified oils and other effluents before the descent beside the canalization must undergo cleaning to those permitted n.

13. The executor of coloring works must have the following information about the utilized materials:

• the complete designation of product, his producer, the period of production;
• the toxicological properties: harmful components, their quantitative content, the nature of action beyond the organism, values PDK;
• the indices of the explosion- and of fire hazard;
• the precautionary measure with the work with the materials, means of collective and individual protection.

14. Requirements before the part of safety of work and protection of environment are presented before the following documentation:

• the national standards of safety of work and protection of environment;
• technological documentation beyond the fulfillment of cleaning and coloring works;
• the description of materials and the instructions of producer for their use;
• labels on a shipping container;
• to the system of the standards of work safety.

Management is executed by the sector of the protection of vessels from corrosion and overgrowth.

Senior scientific assistants OF [YU].[E]. Of [zobachev]
Senior scientific assistants OF [R].[A]. Markovich
Senior scientific assistants OF [L].[D]. Of [gavrilchik]